Threespine, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and Fourspine, Apeltis quadracus, sticklebacks in the Lake Superior Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A., and Walter T. Momot.2000.Threespine, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and Fourspine, Apeltes etal IE sticklebacks in the Lake Superior Basin.Canadian Field-Naturalist 114(2): 211-216.The Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and Fourspine (Apeltes quadracus) sticklebacks are unintentionally introduced species to Lake Superior with initial populations established near Thunder Bay, Ontario.An examination of annual seining and trawling records show that native sticklebacks have declined in abundance in their native habitats as a result of these introductions.Assuming a single colonization event for Lake Superior, the distribution of Gasterosteus has been extended to the Black River, Ontario, in the east as well as both the Minnesota and Michigan coasts of Lake Superior.Apeltes quadracus is not known from Great Lakes populations outside of Lake Superior.However, specimens have been collected in Lake Superior waters distant from Thunder Bay.Gasterosteus has spread rapidly while Apeltes has not spread as quickly.Apeltes, due to its preference for nearshore areas, has the greatest potential to affect the native fish community negatively.This may occur through competition for habitat and food resources which can ultimately change the food web structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".