Status of the Largest Breeding Concentration of Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, in North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Status of the largest breeding concentration of Atlantic Puffins, Fratercula arctica, in North America.Canadian Field-Naturalist 117(1): 70-75.Suspected declines due to oil pollution, accidental entrapment in fishing gear, expanding gull populations, and the Capelin (Mallotus villosus) fishery have generated concern for the Atlantic Puffin (Fratercula arctica) population in the western Atlantic.The majority of that population breeds on three islands within the Witless Bay Seabird Ecological Reserve off the southeast coast of Newfoundland.We conducted a census of the numbers of puffins breeding on the largest colony there on Great Island in 1993-1994.The product of three component measurements, colony area of 15.2 ha, average burrow density of 0.92 + 0.04 burrows/m', and average burrow occupancy rate of 87.9 + 3.1%, gave a breeding population estimate of 123 000 + 7 000 pairs.Most of the difference between our estimate and a previous estimate of 52 000 pairs from 1979 was attributed to the fact that burrow occupancy in 1979 was determined during the late chick stage after many eggs and chicks would have failed, thus giving a lower estimate of the number of pairs initiating breeding.Similar burrow density in 1979 and 1994, and expansion of colony area from 12.9 to 15.2 ha, mainly due to colonization of interior habitat, provided evidence that the breeding population of Atlantic Puffins on Great Isiand has expanded in recent years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".