Scientific commentary on: “Phosphorylated tau in the retina correlates with tau pathology in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease and primary tauopathies”
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We read with great interest the paper by Hart de Ruyter et al. [5] in the February issue of Acta Neuropathologica assessing the presence of p-tau (total tau (HT7), p-tau Ser202/Thr205, and p-tau Thr217) in the retina in relation to tau pathology in the brain in primary tauopathies and Alzheimer's disease compared with non-tau-associated pathologies.In tauopathies, several phospho-epitopes of tau were present in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL).The presence of retinal tau was further correlated with tau depositions in hippocampus and cortical regions.The authors suggest retinal p-tau as a potential biomarker for primary tauopathies.In this letter, we would like to add crucial early imaging data that (1) investigate the structural consequences of tau deposition, (2) support the use of retinal tau markers as a diagnostic tool for tauopathies given their presence early in the course of the disease, and (3) demonstrate the feasibility of these findings outside of pathology studies.For our investigations, we employed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging data from the multi-site 4 Repeat Tauopathy Neuroimaging Initiative (4RTNI), which generated a deeply phenotyped cohort including imaging, body fluid samples, and cognitive testing in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal syndrome (CBS), and healthy controls [10].OCT is an imaging method using interference of low-coherence light to produce highresolution cross-sectional retinal images [8].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".