Examining rainbow trout vig-3 expression patterns in vitro following treatment with type I IFN, poly IC or viral infection
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are key mediators of antiviral immunity. Investigating ISGs can help create novel therapeutics to increase survival rates of farmed fish and aid in protection against pathogens. The current study investigated the induction of one such ISG, viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHSV) – induced gene 3 (vig-3), also known as ISG15 in mammals and other fish species. Vig-3 is one many rainbow trout ISGs whose expression patterns, induction and role remain relatively unknown. In this study, vig-3 transcript expression was identified in a panel of tissues from healthy rainbow trout. Vig-3 transcripts were upregulated in response to recombinant type I interferon (IFN-I) treatment in rainbow trout gonadal cells (RTG-2). Vig-3 transcript and protein levels were upregulated overtime following treatment with a double-stranded (ds)RNA molecule, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly IC), and infection with two viruses, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in two rainbow trout cell lines, RTG-2 and RTgill-W1. Vig-3 transcript expression kinetics positively corelated with viral replication kinetics. Western blot analysis demonstrated evidence of protein ISGylation, a unique feature of vig-3. Vig-3’s cellular localization was assessed using immunocytochemistry following viral infection. Vig-3 expression was cytoplasmic and increased in quantity over time, upon treatment with poly IC, or infection with IPNV or VHSV. These findings improve our understanding of the rainbow trout innate immune system and could aid in the production of fish antiviral therapeutics in the future.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it