Review of: "The Young Pioneers of Cuba: The Formation of Cuban Citizens through Civic Education"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I have enjoyed reading this article and thinking about it.My first reaction was simply a question: Does not civic education everywhere inculcate a society's cultural beliefs and norms in the young in an effort to create 'loyal' citizens who enjoy a sense of belonging to that society?Second, is Cuba's education as presently described not also a form of oppression?Do the learners have a choice in what they are taught?Do the teachers have a choice in what they teach?Third, there is now a huge comparative literature that explores the content of a country's textbooks for bias, exclusions, or heavy-handed messages.One does not have to look beyond North America, the USA, Canada, or England to ascertain from an analysis of textbooks the messages that young people are 'supposed' to hear, if not understand.For more on this topic, go further to India and Pakistan for the textbook research of Professors Ratna Ghosh and Ayaz Nasseem, among others.Perhaps one main difference between nations lies in the fact that some, such as Cuba, purposely EXCLUDE teaching the young to be critical of their own society, while others such as Canada purport to do so, at least in most provinces, in the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".