Bibliographic record
Abstract
Logarithmic spirals are isogonal trajectories of pencils of lines. From a series of geometric consequences, we pick out a few which are relevant for kinematics: When a logarithmic spiral rolls on a line, its asymptotic point traces a straight line. Hence, wheels with the shape of a logarithmic spiral can be used for a stair climbing robot. When involute spur gears are to be generated by virtue of the principle of Camus, the auxiliary pitch curves must be logarithmic spirals. Two congruent logarithmic spirals can roll on each other while their asymptotic points remain fixed. A composition of two such rollings gives a two-parametric motion which allows a second decomposition of this kind. Some of these properties hold similarly for the spherical counterparts, the spherical loxodromes. For example, when in spherical geometry a loxodrome rolls on a circle, both asymptotic points trace circular involutes. Therefore, spherical loxodromes are auxiliary pitch curves for involute bevel gearing. On the other hand, spherical loxodromes can also be seen as helical curves in the projective model of hyperbolic geometry, where the sphere serves as a Clifford surface. This paves the way for remarkable arrangements of loxodromes on a sphere, e.g., a 3-web.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".