RANS Simulation of two co-axially positioned HAWT under different thermal stratification conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes numerical method for aerodynamic performance predictions of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) immersed on Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flows under unstable, stable and neutral conditions. The flow field has been described using the three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations and the k-ϵ turbulence model with modified constants corresponding to ABL flows is considered. Based on Monin-Obukhov similarity, the ABL profiles under neutral and stratified conditions have been implemented into OpenFOAM where the flow over the fetch has been calculated through an in-house solver (ABLSolversimpleFoam) developed for steady-state turbulent flows. The immersed HAWT has been modeled using the actuator disk approach coupled to the Blade Element theory for the loads estimation. The obtained results have indicated that the velocity defect in the wake of a wind turbine is more significant in unstable than in stable thermal stability conditions. Consequently, significant variation of the wind turbine performances have been noticed; a power output drop of 37.64% and 13.67% being recorded for the second rotor placed in the wake of another and the first one respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".