Exploring the Efficacy of Kinesio Taping as an Adjunct Treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis, Grade 1 & 2: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent chronic joint condition resulting in pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function. Kinesio taping (KT) has emerged as an adjunct treatment for OA. Objective: To examine the role of KT as an adjunctive intervention in the physiotherapy management of knee OA. Methods: A quasi-experimental investigation was conducted at Bethania Hospital, Pakistan, comparing the effectiveness of standard physiotherapy alone (Group 1) and standard physiotherapy plus KT (Group 2) in patients with knee OA grade I and II. By convenience sampling selected 50 participants aged above 40 with knee OA. Both groups received standard physiotherapy treatments, and KT was applied to Group 2 using a specific technique. Outcome measures included pain reduction Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), functional improvement using Western Ontario and McMaster Index (WOMAC), and presence of swelling and tenderness. Results: Demographic findings showed left-sided predominance of knee involvement, higher female prevalence, and a common age group of 40-45 years. Both groups demonstrated improvement in pain and functional outcomes post-intervention. The experimental group (Group 2) exhibited significantly lower WOMAC scores (p <.001) and VAS pain scores (p=.011) compared to the control group indicating superior improvement. The incidence of swelling and tenderness around knee demonstrated no improvement in posttest analysis. Conclusions: Promising results are reported in KT group in management of knee OA in grade I and grade II as compared to only physiotherapy treatment. The study highlights the age specific considerations, tape application method and impact of kinesio tape intervention as an additional option in physiotherapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".