BODY PERCEPTION; OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY ‐ CHILDREN, THEIR PARENTS AND PHYSICIANS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Copper (Cu) supplementation in the parenteral nutrition (PN) of infants with cholestasis is reduced or eliminated.It has been suggested that a regular dose of Cu in this setting can lead to toxicity.However, this is based on limited data and there are published series of Cu deficiency in infants due to Cu reduction in their PN.Objectives: 1) To determine the prevalence of elevated serum Cu level in cholestatic infants receiving the regular dose of 20 Kg/kg/d of Cu via PN.2) To determine predictors of serum Cu level in cholestatic infants.Methods: This is a retrospective review of 28 cholestatic infants receiving 20 Kg/kg/d of Cu via PN.Age-adjusted references were used to determine normality of serum Cu levels.In the presence of serial Cu measurements, the last measurement was included for analysis.Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of serum Cu and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).Results: The mean (Tstandard deviation) gestational age was 30 (T4) weeks.The mean chronological age at the time of evaluation was 113 days (range 41Y261 days); also the mean follow-up duration.Serum Cu levels were elevated in 2 infants (7%).Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified birth weight and the diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes as predictors of serum Cu (R 2 = 0.45).The duration of PN and degree of cholestasis did not contribute to this model.Serum Cu, a previous episode of sepsis and direct bilirubin were identified as predictors of ALT elevation (R 2 = 0.56).After the 2 infants with elevated serum Cu were excluded, serum Cu dropped out of the model as a predictor of ALT.Conclusions: The prevalence of elevated serum Cu level in this group was not as high as anticipated.Surprisingly, the diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes strongly predicted higher serum Cu whereas a longer duration of PN did not.These findings highlight the need for a prospective study to assess the impact of variable doses of parenteral Cu on liver disease in infants with cholestasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".