Heterotroph removal alters the difference in plant biomass among plant species compositions in systems with different N availability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the effects of heterotroph removal on the relationship between species composition and plant biomass in systems with different N availability. Two understory herb species (Ophiopogon bodinieri and Lophatherum gracile) were grown in monocultures and mixture, and heterotroph removal treatments (control, insecticide, fungicide, and fungicide-insecticide combination) were performed on each plant species composition in systems without or with N addition. Results showed that (1) in systems without N addition, the plant biomass of O. bodinieri monoculture was higher than that of the mixture under insecticide and fungicide-insecticide treatments, but this difference disappeared in systems with N addition. (2) In systems without N addition, fungicide and insecticide application increased leaf area but decreased root length and root tips of O. bodinieri monocultures. In systems with N addition, fungicide and insecticide application increased root tips of O. bodinieri monocultures and root diameter of mixtures. (3) In systems without N addition, fungicide and insecticide application increased the soil pH of O. bodinieri monocultures. In systems with N addition, fungicide application decreased the soil K concentration of O. bodinieri monocultures. Our findings suggest that heterotroph removal alters the difference in plant biomass among plant species compositions in systems with different N availability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".