Amphibious landings: Free people of color, food supply, and contested land tenure on the Magdalena River network (1796–1806)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The community of Chiriguaná sat east of the Magdalena River, Colombia’s main fluvial channel. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Chiriguaná was populated mostly by free people of color who worked as boatmen, farmers, and cattle ranchers. From 1796 to 1806, a land dispute unfolded between Don Domingo López Bordel and Chiriguaná. The community’s determination to engage in the dispute over land they inhabited was motivated by their amphibious culture, a culture that holds land and water to be interconnected and interdependent, both crucial to the livelihood of the community. This allowed them to supply their products to key Atlantic ports like Cartagena, Santa Marta, and Barranquilla. In this way, Chiriguaná configured interregional commercial networks, challenging colonial governmentality and land tenure bureaucracies. In reconstructing the life of an amphibious community that has yet to enter historiography as such, this research extends an invitation to broaden discussions about Atlantic amphibious cultures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".