The Association Between Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection, affecting 0.6% of all livebirths. Symptomatic and asymptomatic congenital CMV infections are frequently associated withneurodevelopment impairment, motor, and cognitive deficits. Intrauterine infection such as CMVinfection is a risk factor for developing cerebral palsy, which is one of the most common physicaldisability in children. This study aims to investigate the association between congenital CMV infectionand the development of cerebral palsy. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in EMBASE, MEDINE, and Google Scholar from January2000 to December 2020 to identify relevant studies. The quality of studies was assessed using theNewcastle-Ottawa-Scale. The random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence.Statistical analysis was conducted using the generic reverse variance method in Cochrane ReviewManager v5.4. Results A total of 12 studies involving 3665 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.The overall pooled prevalence (random effect) of cerebral palsy among patients diagnosed withcongenital CMV infection was 25.0% (95% CI, 0.12-0.38). The overall pooled prevalence (random effect)of congenital CMV infection among patients with cerebral palsy was 10.0% (95% CI, 0.04-0.15). Themost common type of cerebral palsy caused by CMV infection in children was spastic, followed byataxic, dyskinetic, and hypotonic. Conclusions CMV infection is significantly associated with the development of cerebral palsy in children. Earlyneonatal and pregnancy screening of CMV is essential to improve the outcome of CMV infection.Moreover, children diagnosed with CMV infection require regular clinical follow-up and comprehensiveneurological examination for early detection of cerebral palsy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.020 | 0.036 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".