Impact of mantle convection and dynamic topography on the Cenozoic paleogeography of Central Eurasia and the West Siberian Seaway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Mantle convection influenced the paleogeography of Central Eurasia. • Global paleogeographic DEMs updated for Eurasia, Arabia, and Northern Africa. • Global paleo-dynamic topography models based on the most recent seismic tomography. • Changes in dynamic topography correlates with changes in paleogeography. • Reconstructions show the potential for a vast Arctic Ocean in the Eocene. The West Siberian Seaway connected the Tethys to the Arctic Ocean in the Paleogene and played an important role for Eurasian-Arctic biogeography, ocean circulation, and climate. However, the paleogeography and geological mechanisms enabling the seaway are not well constrained, which complicates linking the seaway evolution to paleoenvironmental changes. Here, we investigate the paleogeography of the Peri-Tethys realms for the Cenozoic time (66–0 Ma), including the West Siberian Seaway, and quantify the influence of mantle convection and corresponding dynamic topography. We start by generating continuous digital elevation models for Eurasia, Arabia, and Northern Africa, by digitizing regional paleogeographic maps and additional geological information and incorporate them in a global paleogeography model with nominal million-year resolution. Then we compute time-dependent dynamic topography for the same time interval and find a clear correlation between changes in dynamic topography and the paleogeographic evolution of Central Eurasia and the West Siberian Seaway. Our results suggest that mantle convection played a greater role in Eurasian paleogeography than previously recognized. Mantle flow may have influenced oceanic connections between the Arctic and global ocean providing a link between deep mantle convection, surface evolution, and environmental changes. Our reconstructions also indicate that the Arctic Ocean may have been isolated from the global ocean in the Eocene, even if the West Siberian Seaway was open, as the Peri-Tethys – Tethys connection was limited, and the Greenland-Scotland Ridge was a landbridge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".