SEPARATE ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF TAX CONTROL ORGANIZATION
Bibliographic record
Abstract
At the current stage of the development of the domestic economy, tax control is one of the main problems before the executive authorities, since the issue of replenishing the budget is one of the most important, because the country is under martial law and the level of the shadow economy is growing. Creating an effective tax control system requires rational approaches using the practical experience of foreign countries in this area. The article analyzes and characterizes the specific features of the organization of tax control in European countries (France, Germany, Poland), the United States of America (USA), and Canada. The main principles, forms and directions of tax control in these countries are considered according to two main approaches – European and Western (American). The legal framework and institutional environment for ensuring the tax control process are considered. Cases of imposition of administrative and/or criminal punishment for committing a tax offense in accordance with the legislation of each individual country are outlined. The main directions of the effective organization of tax control in Ukraine are outlined, taking into account world experience.. It is noted that the tax services in Western countries are largely endowed with the powers of law enforcement agencies. The active development of non-cash payment systems with the wide use of computer systems helps to develop the market economy of countries, which accordingly improves the tax control of tax services. The tax control system of Ukraine is close to the European approach, but the reform of the administrative tax system is very slow. Tax authorities should not only be able to receive tax reporting at their disposal, but also the reporting of other financial institutions related to the activities of the taxpayer. The main directions of the organization of tax control in Ukraine are reflected, taking into account the experience of other countries. One of the main ones is the need to improve the technical support of Ukrainian tax authorities and accelerate the process of digitalization of policy in the context of tax control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".