Performance and phenotypic stability of maize hybrids containing exotic introgressions in multi‐environment trials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Maize ( Zea mays L.) grown in the US Midwest contains only a small fraction of the genetic diversity present in the species. Maize populations from other parts of the world may contain genetic variation that could be used to improve or increase the diversity of US germplasm. This study was conducted to assess the performance and phenotypic stability of hybrids containing diverse exotic introgressions across North American environments. Doubled haploid (DH) lines were created by the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize project from backcross 1 families that used 27 open‐pollinated populations from Latin America as donor parents and PHZ51, a non‐Stiff Stalk inbred developed in Iowa, as the recurrent parent. DH lines were testcrossed with LH195, a Stiff Stalk inbred developed in Iowa, and hybrid field trials were performed at 24 environments in the United States and Canada. Experimental hybrids had variable flowering time, plant and ear height, and test weight, but none had significantly greater yield than the PHZ51 × LH195 hybrid. The slopes of linear reaction norm models were significantly lower for the experimental hybrids than the US‐adapted reference hybrids for three traits: yield, growing degree units (GDU) to anthesis, and GDU to silking. The results suggest that unfavorable alleles and phenotypic stability should be considered when exotic open‐pollinated populations are used in US maize breeding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".