TaC-WC synthesis by a new approach of mechanical milling and low-temperature spark plasma sintering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein, TaC was synthesized by high-energy ball milling (60 and 120 min), employing a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of tantalum and graphite. WC derived from milling material served as a sintering aid. This process yielded average particle sizes of 1.4±0.9 µm at 60 min and 0.9±0.6 µm at 120 min. TaC-WC powders were consolidated via spark plasma sintering at 1331 °C under 50 MPa, ensuing in materials with relative densities of ∼97% and ∼95% for 60-minute and 120-minute samples, respectively. Vickers hardness showed impressive results; the 60-minute sample presented a hardness of 17.7±0.8 GPa at 9.8 N and 27.9±0.6 GPa at 0.49 N, while the 120-minute sample presented a hardness of 18.9±0.5 GPa at 9.8 N and 23.1±0.9 GPa at 0.49 N. These values are comparable to materials manufactured for longer mechanical treatment and higher sintering temperatures (>1700 °C). The combination of these two techniques enabled the development of dense materials with high hardness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".