Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book is a study of the parishes and their religious life in a medium-sized city in the middle ages.When I embarked on it I thought that the majority of the work would have been done by others, since the Durham archives are so incomparably good, but I was almost completely wrong.There is no history of the life of the medieval lay Christians in the city and their parishes.The history provided by Margaret Bonney in her Lordship and the Urban Community is immensely useful for understanding the secular organisation of the city and its secular life.I have relied on it very heavily and have used the thesis on which it was based, especially the maps of the tenements and the lists of their successive holders. 1 But it almost ignored the religious side of lay life and did not use many of the sources which would have explored it.Barrie Dobson's excellent Durham Priory was intended to be a history of the monastic community and its concerns.2 Though it succeeds in being much more, it was never intended to consider the life of the city parishes, several of which in any case were not owned and managed by the monks.So instead of being a synthesiser I found myself often being a pioneer.In discussing the Christian life and organisation of the laity and secular clergy of Durham city, not including the monastery, one is talking of life in the parishes of St Oswald, St Nicholas, St Margaret, which up to 1431 was part of St Oswald's, St Giles, St Mary Magdalen, St Mary le Bow and St Mary the Less, with dependent chapels for several of these in the country around.Most parishes also had chantry chapels and there were two separate chantry chapels on Elvet Bridge, dedicated to St Andrew and St James, which were joined in the later middle ages.There were in addition several hermitages in the area with some local shrines.There were also notable hospitals: two monastery hospitals for non-monks, as well as Sherburn, Kepier and Witton [Gilbert] in particular, with another called St Leonard's and one in South Street, with one planned at the moatside of the castle which may not have got under way by the end of the period.There were also religious guilds.We have even a little evidence of private household chapels, including the castle chapel.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.418 | 0.209 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".