Bibliographic record
Abstract
ot long ago, everyone knew what racism meant.Racism consisted of loutish individuals with twisted attitudes who had it in for those less fortunate "coloured" folk.Or, to put a finer academic spin on it, racism was about mistreating minorities because their membership in a devalued race condemned them to a life of punishment, pity, or exclusion.Race-based typologies evolved to justify this racist line of thinking.Prevailing race doctrines partitioned the world into a fixed number of races arranged in a hierarchy along ascending/descending lines of superiority/inferiority.Each race was thought to possess a distinctive assemblage of physical, cultural, moral, and psychological attributes whose combined impact shaped thought and behaviour.The potency and reach of race in constructing a "white" Canada cannot be underestimated.The evaluative, explanatory, and predictive powers of race for determining the worth of those on the wrong side of the racial divide reinforced its status as a powerful ideology of exclusion and division.Few dispute that racism played a formidable role in shaping public attitudes, government policies, and institutional arrangements (Satzewich 1998(Satzewich , 2011)).But what about the present day?Like other Western societies, Canada increasingly embraces a commitment to the principles of a post-racial and colour-blind society, one in which Canadians try to look past skin colour, abolish racial discrimination as a basis for entitlement, and endorse multiracial tolerance on the grounds that everyone is equal and deserves an equal break.Canada also commits to the principle of an inclusive multiculturalism, namely, that no one should be excluded from equality or participation for reasons of race or ethnicity.A combination of factors-from human rights legislation to shifting ideologies-has transformed racism into a social no-no on par with other unsavoury stigmas such as scab labour or fascism.Politicians and the general public prefer to distance themselves from any reference to racism, even if many of the major twenty-first-century issues (from N
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.582 | 0.376 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".