Molecular forces driving protein complexation of lentil and whey proteins: Structure-function relationships of trehalose-conjugated protein complexes on protein digestibility and solubility
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant-based proteins are often associated with a range of health benefits. Most research primarily investigates pea and soy proteins, while lentil proteins received minimal attention. This study evaluates the effect of protein complexation (using the pH-shifting technique) coupled with trehalose conjugation on lentil and whey proteins. The protein structures after the modification were analysed using spectroscopic methods: Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet spectra, and fluorescence spectra. The amide group I, conformation protein, and tertiary structure of the trehalose-conjugated lentil-whey protein complexes (T-LWPs) showed significant changes ( P < 0.05). Moreover, the surface properties (surface hydrophobicity and charges) of T-LWPs were significantly modified ( P < 0.05), from 457 to 324 a.u and from 36 to −40 mV, respectively. Due to these modifications on the protein structures, the protein digestibility (80–86%) and water solubility (90–94.5%) of T-LWPs increased significantly ( P < 0.05) with the increase in the trehalose concentration, from 0 (control) to 5% (w/w), respectively. This study suggested that coupling protein complexation and trehalose conjugation can enhance the overall properties of lentil-based protein complexes. With this enhancement, more opportunities in the utilisation of lentils are to be expected. • The pH-shifting technique assists in protein complexation between lentil and whey proteins. • Trehalose-conjugated lentil-whey protein complexes were produced. • Protein complexation and trehalose conjugation enhanced protein digestibility. • Protein complexation and trehalose conjugation influenced the protein's physical properties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it