Hybrid Identities in Cadada : a case study of the Korean Canadian identity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following the state’s effort to utilize immigration and multiculturalism as a means to forge a national identity, hybrid identities have become a salient component of the Canadian society, enriching discussions centered on defining Canadianness—especially concerning the English-speaking Canadian identity. To investigate Canadianness reflected in hybrid identities, this study is built on a case study of Korean immigrants in Toronto and focuses on ethnic and national attachment of individuals that contribute to their self-identification. In the quantitative part of the research, a questionnaire survey was circulated among 240 participants belonging to the first, 1.5, and second generations to examine the generational effect on ethnic salience embedded in their self-identity. Then, in the qualitative part of the research, one-on-one interviews were held with ten 1.5-generation participants to examine their identity journeys through life stories. Diverse aspects of the notion of identity (i.e. sociocultural, ethnic/national, individual/group, in-/out-group) were explored.First and foremost, the generational effect on sociocultural integration was evident, and—despite varied levels of ethnic language maintenance of offspring generations—intergenerational transmission of ethnic salience appeared successful, involving cultural maintenance at home, within ethnic communities and peer networks, and through the media. Furthermore, in the case of the 1.5 generation, some key factors shaping ethnic/national attachment were highlighted. Firstly, among others, family socialization and time spent in Canada were the most constant factors that influenced ethnic/national attachment and identities. Secondly, cultural resources, including language proficiency, facilitated ethnic/national group membership, affecting social identity and confidence in self-identities. Thirdly, marginalized sentiments were associated with self-identities when one was unable to confidently identify with the national identity. Multiculturalism seemed to have helped many to positively perceive the Canadian identity and how they cope with racial discrimination; however, along with constant negotiation of identities in-between home vs. societal settings and the perceived White Canadian stereotype, it also made it difficult for some to identify a solid national identity. What remained central was the inherent sense of duality/plurality embedded in the Korean Canadian identity. Future research should further explore imagined qualities of the Canadian identity in the minds of those who claim other forms of hybrid identities and how these individuals’ identification with the ethnic/national identities can be better facilitated across bi-/multi-cultural contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.047 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".