Investigation of Seawater Intrusion in Mandalika, Lombok, Indonesia Using Time-Lapse Geoelectrical Resistivity Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation has been conducted into the issue of seawater intrusion in the aquifer of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) on Lombok Island.Utilizing the RES2Dinv, Surfer13, and Rockwork software, data was processed in profiles and the time geoelectric resistivity survey method was implemented to monitor the velocity of seawater intrusion between 2021 and 2022.The findings of the study were segregated into three distinct transitional periods: a four-month transition from dry season to rainy season (Period I), a seven-month transition from dry season to intermediary conditions (Period II), and a year-long transition from dry season to dry season (Period III).The data revealed an expansion of the seawater intrusion zone from the south to the north at a depth range of 2 to 14 meters.This expansion was evidenced by a smaller volume of positive resistivity change in Period I compared to Period II.Moreover, a decrease in water content was observed in March 2022 measurements, leading to a less resistive, or more conductive, subsurface layer.In Period III, positive resistivity changes were solely identified in the western coastal area at a depth of 4 meters.Survey and measurement data indicated that seawater had infiltrated 12 coastal wells, with only wells 10 and 11 showing marginal mixing.This investigation underscores the escalating issue of seawater intrusion in the Mandalika SEZ aquifer, meriting urgent attention and mitigation strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".