690 FO53 – Tackling female health in rugby, one cycle at a time: the association between menstrual cycle regularity and concussion history
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Concussions are the most common injury in female rugby union. Due to the increased popularity of women’s rugby, it is important to ensure female-specific factors are considered, including the menstrual cycle. Function of the pituitary axes have been reported to be affected following concussion, which may contribute to irregular menses and greater concussion-like symptoms. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between previous concussion history and irregular menses in female rugby union players. Design Cross-sectional study within cohort studies. Setting Youth, varsity, and professional female rugby leagues in Canada, Ireland, and South Africa. Participants Female rugby players participating in one of two prospective cohort studies (Ireland, South Africa; ages 18–39 or Canada; ages 11–18) were included. Assessment of Risk Factors The association between self-reported previous concussion history (yes/no) and reports of irregular menses was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression (adjusting for cluster by team). Main outcome measurements Self-report of regular menses (yes/no). Results A total of 278 players [116 adolescents (median age=17.16; IQR:16.91–17.59)) and 180 adults (median age=18.97; IQR:18.47–19.50)] rugby players participated. A total of 99/278 players (33.56%) reported a previous concussion history and 53/278 (17.97%) reported irregular menses. In adult players, there was a 2.17-fold (95%CI 1.02–4.62) greater odds of reporting irregular menses in players with a previous concussion history relative to players without a previous concussion history. There was no difference in adolescent players [ORadolescent=0.56 (95% CI 0.15–2.13). Conclusions Adult rugby players with a concussion history have greater odds of reporting irregular menses. The relationship between menstrual cycle irregularity and concussion risk requires further evaluation using a prospective cohort design. These study findings highlight the importance of sex-specific considerations in concussion prevention and potentially recovery following concussion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".