852 FO47 – Preseason cervical spine, vestibulo-ocular reflex, oculomotor, and dynamic balance measures informing the prevention of recurrent concussion in adolescent sport participants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Concussion history is a risk factor for recurrent concussion. Identification of differences in clinical outcomes by concussion history will inform future individually targeted prevention programs. Objective To examine the association between concussion history and clinical measures in adolescent (10–19 years) sport participants. Setting Adolescent sport (Canada) Design Cross-sectional Participants 1653 adolescents [males=988 (59.77%); females=653 (39.50%); undisclosed=12 (0.73%)] participating in a prospective cohort study. Assessment of Risk Factors Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between number of previous concussions and clinical outcomes. Covariates included age, sex, baseline symptom severity score, and sport-type. Main outcomes Cervical [Range of motion (ROM), flexor endurance (CFE), flexion-rotation (CFRT), head perturbation (HPT)], vestibulo-ocular reflex [Head thrust (HTT), dynamic visual acuity (DVA)], oculomotor [Symptom provocation/performance-smooth pursuit (SP), horizontal saccades (HS), vertical saccades (VS), near-point-convergence (NPC)], dynamic balance [Combined functional gait assessment (C-FGA)]. Results Adolescents reporting one previous concussion had a 2-fold greater-odds of VS symptom provocation (OR=2.02;95%CI:1.09–3.76) than adolescents with no history. Adolescents with 2+concussions had a 2-fold greater-odds of abnormal NPC performance (OR=2.02;95%CI:1.09–3.76), however, had fewer errors on the C-FGA (-0.14 errors;95%CI:-0.58--0.30). Females with a concussion history had poorer outcomes than males. Males with one previous concussion had a 48% reduced-odds of a positive CFRT (OR=0.52;95%CI:0.27–0.99) and males with 2+concussions had an 80% reduced-odds of a positive HTT (OR=0.20; 95%CI:0.14–0.68). Females with one concussion had a 3.4-fold greater-odds of a positive HTT (OR=3.40;95%CI:1.24–9.31). Females with 2+concussions had a 4-fold greater-odds of HS symptom provocation (OR=4.08;95%CI:1.56–10.65), 2.25-fold greater-odds of abnormal VS performance (OR=2.25;95%CI:1.30–3.92), and 4.64-fold higher-odds of a positive HTT (OR=4.64;95%CI:1.03–20.80). No associations with concussion history were found when examining ROM, CFE, HPT, DVA, or SP. Conclusion Future research to develop and evaluate prevention strategies targeting alterations in cervical, vestibulo-ocular, oculomotor, and balance function following an adolescent concussion will inform recurrent concussion prevention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".