A systematic review of COVID-19 and the presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder-like symptoms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of COVID-19 and the associated restrictions on eating disorder populations have been discussed in recent literature. However, little is known about the presentation of cases with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) during this period. AIMS: To explore the extent of the literature on the presentation of ARFID, and ARFID-like cases, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) and Medline (Ovid) were searched for publications between March 2020 and May 2023. Google Scholar and reference lists were hand searched. At least two reviewers independently screened each paper. Narrative synthesis was used. RESULTS: = 4) quality. Findings did not suggest an increase in ARFID cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is unclear if this is because of a lack of impact or underrecognition of ARFID. A need for a multidisciplinary approach to differentiate between ARFID and organic causes of ARFID-like presentations (e.g. gastrointestinal effects of COVID-19) was highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: Publications specifically pertaining to ARFID presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been few. Papers found have been of small sample sizes and lack subanalyses for ARFID within broader eating disorder samples. Continued surveillance is needed to evaluate any COVID-19-specific effects on the development, identification, treatment and outcomes of ARFID.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".