Construction of Cu─Ni Atomic Pair with Bimetallic Atom‐Cluster Sites for Enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Developing atomically dispersed metal on nitrogen‐doped carbon (M─N─C) catalyst provides a promising strategy to convert CO 2 into high‐valued chemicals and achieve artificially closed carbon cycles. However, it is challenging to tune the structure and coordination of N─M bond that further improve the intrinsic activity and selectivity of CO 2 RR. Herein, CuNi atomic clusters embedded in Ni/Cu dual atomic sites catalysts (CuNi AC @Ni/Cu─N─C) are designed and successfully manipulated to regulate the coordination environment for M─N─C catalysts to enhance the CO 2 electroreduction reaction (CO 2 RR). The most active configuration in CuNi AC @Ni/Cu─N─C catalyst is CuNi atomic cluster connected with 2N‐bridged (Ni‐Cu)N 5 , in which two N atoms are shared with NiN 4 and CuN 3 moieties verified by both systematic advanced characterizations and density function theory (DFT) calculations. The results have revealed the integration between CuNi atomic cluster and N 4 Ni/CuN 3 dual‐metal atomic sites that optimize the electronic redistribution and narrow the bandgap, thereby decreasing the energy barrier of the potential determination step and promoting CO production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".