Microglia in Health and Diseases: Integrative Hubs of the Central Nervous System (CNS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microglia are usually referred to as "the innate immune cells of the brain," "the resident macrophages of the central nervous system" (CNS), or "CNS parenchymal macrophages."These labels allude to their inherent immune function, related to their macrophage lineage.However, beyond their classic innate immune responses, microglia also play physiological roles crucial for proper brain development and maintenance of adult brain homeostasis.Microglia sense both external and local stimuli through a variety of surface receptors.Thus, they might serve as integrative hubs at the interface between the external environment and the CNS, able to decode, filter, and buffer cues from outside, with the aim of preserving and maintaining brain homeostasis.In this perspective, we will cast a critical look at how these multiple microglial functions are acquired and coordinated, and we will speculate on their impact on human brain physiology and pathology. MICROGLIA ACROSS THE LIFE SPANU nderstanding microglia requires becoming acquainted with their ontogeny, for which we rely on a concordant (where compared) set of observations in humans and mice.As with other tissue macrophages, such as those in skin and liver (Langerhans and Kupffer cells; Márquez-Ropero et al. 2020), microglia are not derived from bone marrow myeloid progenitors that
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".