Fault locking and alternate fault activity revealed by simple tools and approaches — Examples from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin with implications for hydrocarbon exploration and production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The geology toolkit that is used to reveal faults and fractures is much wider than before. This is due to 3D and 4D views in exploratory statistics programs and to the availability of user-friendly GIS software. These tools allow us to visualize a multitude of parameters that will be briefly explored here. A review of many geologic and nongeologic parameters led to evidence of fault locking and alternate fault activity. It also resulted in new structural models for the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). The presented data sets include earthquakes, drilling, production, well data, aeromagnetic data, and more. Various integrated approaches reveal well-defined fault patterns that are typical of a strike-slip regime and the existence of previously unrecognized detachments that are important for hydrocarbon exploration. Some of the new geometries and associated mechanisms are illustrated here with outcrop analogues and present-day cross sections, maps, and 3D views. Only the most recent of the two identified strike-slip regimes is covered in this paper. Some emphasis is given to the recognition of detachments at various scales. Among these is the importance of megadetachments displacing the sedimentary cover by up to 16 km with respect to the aeromag. Hence, there is a need for reconstruction before making conclusions. The WCSB has a lot more to offer to explorers who understand faults, fractures, and migration paths. Integrating many types of information in map or 3D views offers new tools to identify and characterize faults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".