Parkinson's disease-associated pain in a Mexican Institute
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) presents as a chronic condition with symptoms that worsen over time.Many PD patients experience pain at some point during their illness.This complaint is often overlooked because PD is primarily a motor disorder.The main objective is to assess the prevalence and the most frequent type of pain in this population, as well as its relation to common neuropsychiatric factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 196 patients diagnosed with PD.The variables analyzed included age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, anxiety, depression, antiparkinsonian treatment (levodopa, dopaminergic agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and amantadine), intake of antidepressants or antipsychotics, age of symptom onset, age of diagnosis, years of progression, total MDS-UPDRS 3.3 score, total MDS-UPDRS score, MDS-non-motor symptom scores, Hamilton depression and anxiety scales, and montreal Cognitive Assessment.Results: Our patient cohort consisted of 115 males (58.7%) and 81 females (41.3%), with a mean age of 63.56 ± 11.88.The mean disease duration was 7.18 ± 4.9 years.The most common type of pain was musculoskeletal pain, present in 66.7%, followed by radicular pain (24.2%), pain related to fluctuations (22.7%), chronic pain (20.7%), nocturnal pain (17.2%), discoloration, edema, or swollen pain (14.6%), and orofacial pain (5.6%).Conclusions: From the study carried out, it can be observed that the most common type of pain was musculoskeletal pain, followed by radicular pain.Pain patients had a significant association with depression and anxiety due to the intensity of pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".