The Ancient Near East: History, Texts, etc.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ancient Near East:History, Texts, etc. Victor H. Matthews, Michael W. Duggan, Christopher T. Begg, and Thomas Hieke Victor H. Matthews Missouri State University Michael W. Duggan Calgary AB, Canada Christopher T. Begg Catholic University of America Thomas Hieke Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz 1830. [An Early Demotic Contract from Illahun] Hasnaa Abd-Ellatif, Maher Eissa, Mahmoud Ali, and Ibrahim El-Rifai, "P. Cairo GEM 66797: An Early Demotic Contract from Illahun," JEA 108 (1-2, 2022) 263-68. P. GEM 66796 and P. GEM 66797 were found in a tomb in Illahun, Egypt, in 2009 by an Egyptian archaeological mission of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. The tomb has been described by the excavators as belonging to a craftsman and dated to the Third Intermediate Period. The papyri were originally stored in the Kom-Aushim magazine, with the inventory numbers 91 and 92; they were subsequently moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum on 18 May 2016 and given the new inventory numbers of P. GEM 66796 and P. GEM 66977. During the same excavations, another group of fragmentary hieratic, late cursive hieratic and demotic papyri were found. These papyri show similarities with the scribal hand of P. GEM 66796. [Adapted from published abstract—V.H.M.] [End Page 691] Google Scholar 1831. [The Adaptation Processes of Mythologemes] Noga Ayali-Darshan, "The Adaptation Processes of Mythologemes: Examples from Ancient Near Eastern Literature," Ve-ʾEd Yaʿaleh (Gen 2:6), Vol. 1, 3-26 [see #2545]. A.-D. traces changes in the gender of ANE deities that are due to the adaptation of a myth to a new cultural environment. The Hurrian god Kumarbi is represented by the ideogram for the goddesses nisaba (in Mesopotamia) or Ḫalki (in Anatolia). The "sun," from the root *šmaš, is a god in Akkadian but a goddess in Ugaritic. A Ugaritic scribe apparently interpreted Aya, the wife of the Akkadian sun god, as Ea, the god of wisdom. A.-D. notes the gender adaptations in renderings of the mythic combat between the storm god and the sea. In Egyptian tradition, the sky is feminine, and the sea is masculine, but the Astarte Papyrus depicts the earth as giving birth, which indicates a Levantine scribal influence. The sea god is placated by a grain deity in two versions: the goddess Renenutet in the Astarte Papyrus, and the god Kumarbi in the Song of the Sea (CTH 346.9; Kbo 26.105). In composing the Babylonian version of Enūma Eliš, ca. 1000 b.c.e., the scribe transposed the term for sea from the masculine Yam, of West Semitic origin, to the feminine Tiamat, of Akkadian origin. The life-giving quality of the sea is typified by the goddess Namma, whereas its destructive power is symbolized by the god Anzû.—M.W.D. Google Scholar 1832. [The Bilingual Sumerian-Akkadian Chiasmus] Beatrice Baragli, "The Bilingual Chiasmus: A Unique Rhetorical Device for 'Knotting' Words in Sumerian-Akkadian Literature," JNES 81 (2, 2022) 261-81. The chiasmus is one of the most widespread rhetorical devices in world literature, and appears in most languages. However, a completely different type of chiasmus is also possible: a chiasmus between different languages. Since multilingual compositions are less common, the bilingual chiasmus has been previously under-researched in detail. My paper analyzes this newly discovered rhetorical device, exploring its applications in some Sumerian-Akkadian compositions and its relevance for ANE bilingual literature of the first millennium b.c.e. [Adapted from author's introduction, p. 261] The bilingual chiasmus is a unique rhetorical device of bilingual compositions, wherein the order of two pairs of words or word clusters in one language are reversed in the other. This mechanism is mostly deliberate, although in some cases, as in the "natural" chiasmi analyzed above, it can be less intentional. Regardless, this is less relevant for the device's artistic effect, since intentionality plays only a relatively marginal role in poetic language. … … the bilingual chiasmus occurs in compositions probably belonging to a scholarly tradition that was particularly interested in sophisticated literary style. That style is not only an aesthetic or...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".