Challenges with Pile Design and Construction on the Coquihalla Highway
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extreme rainfall events in November 2021 caused significant damage to several bridges on the Coquihalla Highway in British Columbia, Canada. As a result of the devastation, the Juliet Bridge needed to be replaced within a compressed timeframe in order to re-open to its full capacity. Due to the emergency nature of the work, site investigations were carried out immediately, including mud rotary boreholes and instrumented Becker penetrations Tests. Problematic low plastic glacial lacustrine soils were encountered in the foundation soils. The bridge was designed with deep piled foundations that extended into the glacial lacustrine soils. During initial pile driving for the first bridge (northbound), the shaft resistance was determined to be much less than assumed in the design. Piles were re-tested between three days and nine days after the initial drive with minimal increase in shaft resistance. Due to schedule constraints, the piles were driven to a denser glacial till layer at depth. The schedule for the second bridge (southbound) allowed for a 142-day re-strike test to be carried out on one of the piles for the new bridge. This allowed for a significantly longer setup period to be tested. This paper focuses on the key challenges faced in the design and construction of the piles and presents the pile driving data obtained during this project.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".