Long-Term Stress and Consolidation Behavior of a Soil-Bentonite Slurry Trench Cutoff Wall
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff walls have been used for over 50 years to control groundwater flow and contaminant transport. During the summer of 2016, a 200-m-long and 0.9-m-wide full-scale, instrumented soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff wall was constructed to a depth of 6.2 to 7.1 m. Primary research goals for the wall included evaluation of (1) the anisotropic stresses in the backfill, (2) stress-dependency of the backfill hydraulic conductivity, and (3) the rate of consolidation. These phenomena are time dependent and affected by the construction and post construction movement, including excavation, backfilling, backfill consolidation, and long-term backfill secondary compression (creep). This paper presents the results of six years of monitoring of earth pressure cells and pore pressure sensors. After six years, effective stresses within the wall remain far below geostatic. The maximum stresses observed are transverse to the axis of the trench and attributed to lateral deformations (i.e., inward movement of the sidewalls). The lowest stresses observed are the vertical stresses, reflecting the impact of arching or side wall friction as the soft backfill moves downward within the trench. Longitudinal horizontal stresses are intermediate between the transverse horizontal stresses and vertical stresses. For the last five years, the principal phenomenon controlling changes in stress has been secondary compression (creep).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".