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INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SUPPORT AS PART OF THE BUDGET OF UKRAINE DURING THE WAR

2023· article· en· W4392568812 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEconomic innovations · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic Issues in Ukraine
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceFinanceBusinessFinancial system

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Topicality. russian aggression against Ukraine has caused a serious crisis in our country. A full-scale military invasion dealt a significant blow to the economic, social, humanitarian systems of Ukraine. In all spheres of life of the country there have been negative changes, including in the financial. Ukrainian GDP fell by 29% last year. Budget revenues decreased significantly, and expenses increased several times. This process led to a significant deficit of the state budget. To solve this problem, additional financial resources are needed. The state attracts them from international partners in the form of grants and loans.
 Aim and tasks. Constant monitoring of the structure of international financial support, especially during the russian aggression, has a very important purpose due to its significant impact on the social and economic processes taking place in the country. The article is aimed at analyzing the financial assistance that Ukraine has received since the beginning of a full-scale war. The main objectives are to consider the dynamics of loans and grants, as well as their impact on the future financial development of the country.
 Materials and Methods. Particular attention is paid to international partners who form a large package of financial assistance for our country, consisting of support for the state budget and ensuring financial stability, the formation of funds for the restoration of the country and the economy, as well as financial support for humanitarian issues. It is analyzed from which countries and international organizations funding was provided. The conditions and ways of financial support of Ukraine are considered.
 Research results. As modern economic policy shows, Ukraine received a significant share of funding in the form of grants and loans from the USA, Canada, Germany, Great Britain. The European Union, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund also play an important role in providing financial assistance. In the future, irrevocable funds should come from sources associated with the aggressor. russia must pay with its own funds for the unleashed war in our country.
 Conclusion. Financing the urgent needs of Ukraine is now an urgent issue. It is the external financial assistance that supports the functioning of the state sector of the Ukrainian economy and helps to balance the monetary and financial position of the country. This assistance is important to support the economy of Ukraine, the exchange rate of the national currency and protect the territorial integrity of our state.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.894
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.237
Teacher spread0.216 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it