Study of the contribution of groundwater to hydrosedimentary processes in two Mediterranean mountainous watersheds using the high frequency conductivity signal as a tracer of water origin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding erosion and sediment transport is essential for the sustainable management of water and soil resources in the critical zone. Soil erosion is considered as the main threat to soils and poses food security problems. Given these significant challenges, it is important to understand and prioritize the processes that control erosion dynamics and sediment transfers within watersheds.However, these dynamics exhibit strong spatio-temporal variability, as illustrated by the wide dispersion of relationships between suspended sediment concentrations and liquid discharge (Q) at catchment outlets. However, these dispersions are often interpreted based on the variability along the sediment axis (e.g., origin and availability of particles), while very few studies have focused on the variability along the discharge axis (water origin). In particular, the interactions between groundwater flow and sediment transport have been little studied.The aim of this study is to assess the impact of groundwater flow on sediment transport dynamics in two headwater catchments (respectively 1.07 km² at Brusquet and 0.86 km² at Laval) of the Draix-Bléone observatory with different vegetation cover rate (respectively 80% at Brusquet and 30% at Laval). The work first involved developing an EMMA (End-Member Mixing Analysis) method for decomposing flood hydrographs and separating the respective contributions of groundwater flow and surface runoff for each flood using the high-frequency conductivity signal, highly correlated to sulfate concentrations, as a tracer discriminating these two water compartments.This EMMA method was used to calculate groundwater contributions during 120 floods between 2015 and 2020 in the Laval catchment and 116 floods between 2013 and 2020 in the Brusquet catchment. Analysis of the results of these decompositions revealed seasonal variations in groundwater contributions in both catchments, with winter and spring floods showing higher groundwater contributions than summer and autumn floods. These decompositions made it possible to examine the dynamics of fine sediment transport during floods as a function of surface runoff rate and to identify the impact of groundwater on hydrosedimentary processes (effect of dilution or of remobilization of riverbed sediment). By comparing the results of the decompositions from the two catchments, it was possible to assess the impact of vegetation cover on the contribution of groundwater to flood and on each catchment sediment dynamics.Overall, this study suggests that the use of high frequency conductivity signals as tracer of water origin offers a promising approach to performing high frequency decompositions of flood hydrographs. The results of the decompositions highlight the importance of groundwater flows for understanding hydrosedimentary processes in headwater catchments (~km²).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".