Recent Trends and Disparities in 24-hour Movement Behaviors among US Youth with Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Meeting 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB: physical activity [PA], screen time [ST], and sleep [SL]) recommendations may be associated with positive health outcomes among youth with specific mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental (MBD) conditions. However, temporal trends and disparities in meeting 24-HMB guidelines in these higher-risk groups have not been investigated, hampering the development of evidence-based clinical and public health interventions. Methods Serial, cross-sectional analyses of nationally representative data (including U.S. youth aged 6–17 years with MBD conditions) were conducted. The time-trends survey data was conducted between 2016 and 2021. Meeting single-behavior and integrated 24-HMB guidelines were operationalized as follows: PA ≥ 60 min/d moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, no more than 2 h/d of ST, and a sleep duration of 9 to 11 h/d for those aged 6 to 13 years (children) and 8 to 10 h/d for those aged 14 to 17 years (adolescents). Results Data on 52,634 individuals (mean age, 12.0 years [SD,3.5]; 28,829 [58.0%] boys) were analyzed. From 2016 to 2021, the estimated trend of meeting SL guideline alone increased (3.7% [95%CI,3.2–4.9%], P for trend < 0.001), whereas meeting ST guideline alone decreased (-2.0% [-2.4% to -1.5%], P for trend < 0.001). The estimated trend in meeting integrated (PA + ST + SL) guidelines declined (-0.8% [95%CI, -1.0% to -0.5%], P for trend < 0.001), whereas meeting none of 24-HMB guidelines increased (2.2% [1.8–2.6%], P for trend < 0.001). White participants, children, and boys reported higher estimated prevalence of meeting full integrated (PA + ST + SL) guidelines. Discussion The temporal trends observed in this study highlight the importance of consistently monitoring physical behavior among MBD youth and identifying variations by sociodemographic groups in meeting 24-HMB guidelines for health promotion within these vulnerable groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".