Striatal Dopamine Modulates Temporal Surprise P3a
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dopamine is vital in forming mental models of “what” and “when” sensory events occur that essentially guide goal-directed behaviour. However, it remains largely unknown how variations in temporal predictability are incorporated into such mental models. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is important, considering dopaminergic depletion in diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease and Schizophrenia, where abnormal temporal processing is observed. Some electroencephalographic (EEG) studies indicate that noradrenergic mechanisms, as reflected in the P3b event-related potential, are modulated by temporal predictability, whereas others indicate that dopaminergic mechanisms as reflected in the P3a, underlie surprise. In this study, resting-state and task-dependent EEG was recorded from 24 healthy participants who were administered a selective D2 agonist or antagonist before they performed a pure tone auditory “oddball” task. Two oddball sequences included either partially predictable, with inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 400ms/1200ms; or fully temporally predictable tones, with a consistent ISI of 600ms. Tones following 400ms ISIs were perceived as surprising, or “early”, as shown in an enhanced P3a response; tones following a 1200ms ISIs showed a much reduced P3a response (“late”). The agonist accentuated the “late” effect, demonstrating that drugs targeting D2 receptors modulate temporal prediction. These findings differentiate the role of the dopaminergic system in temporal processing and model-based auditory predictions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".