Radiative fluxes estimation for the Broadband Radiometer (BBR) on EarthCARE: The BMA-FLX product
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) instrument on the EarthCARE satellite&#160;will provide accurate outgoing solar and thermal radiances at the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) obtained in an along track configuration at three fixed viewing directions (nadir, fore and aft).The operational BMA-FLX product on top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes, is based on a radiance-to-flux conversion algorithm mainly fed by the unfiltered broad-band radiances, obtained in the BM-RAD product, auxiliary data from EarthCARE L2 cloud products and modelled geophysical databases. The conversion algorithm models the angular distribution of the reflected solar radiation and thermal radiation emitted by the Earth-Atmosphere system, and returns geometry independent flux estimates to be used for the radiative closure assessment of the Mission.Different methodologies are employed for the solar and thermal BBR ADMs. Models for SW radiances are created for different scene types and constructed from Clouds and the Earth&#8217;s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data using a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The LW angular models are derived through multiple regressions on brightness temperatures and brightness temperature differences of the multispectral imager (MSI) 10.8 &#181;m and 12 &#181;m channels, and corresponding LW fluxes obtained by using a large database of LibRadtran and SBDART radiative transfer simulations.Both retrieval algorithms exploit the multi-viewing capability of the BBR by applying the radiance to flux conversion algorithms to each of the BBR views, which have been previously collocated at a reference level in order to minimize parallax effects. The reference height where the three BBR measurements are co-registered corresponds to the height where most reflection or emission takes place and depends on the spectral regime. LW observations are co-registered at the cloud top height while SW reference height is instead selected by minimizing the flux differences between nadir, fore and aft fluxes. The derived fluxes from the collocated views are then combined into a single flux value at the selected reference level.Verification of the algorithms has been carried out using the 3 test scenes developed by the EarthCARE team using the Environment Canada and Climate Change&#8217;s Global Environmental Multiscale model (GEM). The BBR solar and thermal flux retrieval algorithms have been successfully employed to retrieve radiative fluxes over the 3 test scenes. Comparisons with the true fluxes from the GEM model provide RMSE < 5 W/m&#178; for the LW fluxes and < 15 W/m&#178; for the SW fluxes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".