Steric‐hindrance Effect Tuned Ion Solvation Enabling High Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Despite many additives have been reported for aqueous zinc ion batteries, steric‐hindrance effect of additives and its correlation with Zn 2+ solvation structure have been rarely reported. Herein, large‐sized sucrose biomolecule is selected as a paradigm additive, and steric‐hindrance electrolytes (STEs) are developed to investigate the steric‐hindrance effect for solvation structure regulation. Sucrose molecules do not participate in Zn 2+ solvation shell, but significantly homogenize the distribution of solvated Zn 2+ and enlarge Zn 2+ solvation shell with weakened Zn 2+ −H 2 O interaction due to the steric‐hindrance effect. More importantly, STEs afford the water‐shielding electric double layer and in situ construct the organic and inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interface, which effectively boost Zn anode reversibility. Remarkably, Zn//NVO battery presents high capacity of 3.9 mAh ⋅ cm −2 with long cycling stability for over 650 cycles at lean electrolyte of 4.5 μL ⋅ mg −1 and low N/P ratio of 1.5, and the stable operation at wide temperature (−20 °C~+40 °C).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".