Overview of Airborne Field Campaigns under TEMPO for Calibration and Validation of Trace Gas and Aerosol Products
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North American component of the Geo-Ring for Air Quality, the Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument, began collecting measurements on August 2, 2023. Multiple airborne field-intensives were conducted over the US during this TEMPO first-light period, including the NOAA Atmospheric Emissions and Reactions Observed from Megacities to Marine Areas (AEROMMA) and Coastal Urban Plume Dynamics Study (CUPiDS) campaigns, coordinated with the NASA Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Sciences (STAQS) campaign. The North American cities targeted included New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Toronto. Here, we present an overview of the AEROMMA / CUPiDS collected summer 2023 datasets, relevant for calibration and validation activities of TEMPO, including for ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (CH2O), sulfur dioxide (SO2), aerosol optical depth (AOD), and aerosol layer height (ALH). Ground-based lidar and airborne in-situ vertical profiling by the NASA DC-8 and NOAA Twin Otter aircraft are available for evaluating TEMPO Level 2 O3 profile products (tropospheric and 0-2 km column retrievals). Airborne measurements of NO2 (photolytic conversion of NO2 into NO followed by laser-induced fluorescence, cavity enhanced spectroscopy, and multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)) are available for evaluating TEMPO Level 2 NO2 vertical column density products. Airborne measurements of formaldehyde and glyoxal (in-situ and MAX-DOAS remote sensing) can be evaluated similarly as other volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Lastly, a wide array of aircraft-based in-situ measurements of composition, size distribution, optical properties can be utilized to derive aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol extinction profiles for evaluating TEMPO AOD and ALH products, along with TROPOMI and stereoscopic aerosol layer height products from GOES-16/18. Preliminary evaluation of TEMPO NO2 will be presented as an initial calibration / validation test case, employing best practices to facilitate direct comparisons between airborne data with TEMPO Level 2 observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".