Development On The Margin: Development Orthodoxy and the Success of Lax Kw’alaams, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The remote Aboriginal community of Lax Kw'alaams in northwestern British Columbia has recently experienced a remarkable turnaround in its local economy.This has been achieved through innovative land and resource management, as well as the entrepreneurial pursuit of new tenure rights and markets for product.In this paper, we relate the experiences of Lax Kw'alaams within the framework of predominant theories of rural development; specifically the traditional approach of staples and dependency theory, as well as newer perspectives grounded in theories of globalization.In doing so, we discuss several ways in which the Lax Kw'alaams case challenges accepted orthodoxies about rural development.We end by outlining potential research questions for better understanding the immediate and long-term implications of this case. The Transformation of Lax Kw'alaams 1Lax Kw'alaams (formerly known as Port Simpson) is a First Nation community of some 1350 residents, part of the Tsimshiam Nation, located on the north coast of British Columbia a short distance from the Alaska panhandle (see Figure 1).Until about five years ago, Lax Kw'alaams demonstrated almost all of the social and economic difficulties that beset many isolated First Nation communities in Canada.Unemployment soared over 80 percent, school attendance was poor with a large dropout rate, and the economic affairs of the Band were in such disarray that it was severely in debt. 2 Today, in stark contrast, the community is thriving.The Band is out of debt and has a hefty bank balance that it is using to expand services and infrastructure.Almost all roads in the community have recently been paved and the place has the appearance and feel of prosperity.This new image is supported by the construction in the town of a new 25 metre indoor swimming pool with water slide, adjoining Elders' Centre, and refurbished recreation centre 100
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.031 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".