Water and Fishing: Aboriginal Rights in Australia and Canada Paul Kauffman (editor). Canberra: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, 2004. ISBN 0-9750275-4-9, Cloth and Paper, 233 pp.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Supreme Court of Canada in 2000 upheld Aboriginal fishing rights flowing from historic Treaties signed between the Míkmaq and the British in 1760-61, a decision that was immediately condemned by non-Aboriginal fishers.Minor altercations followed cultivating more violent confrontations that resulted in Aboriginal fishers being shot at.In an insightful article by Paul Fitzgerald, a senior level Public Affairs Officer for Saint Mary's University in Halifax, the author expressed his concern with the "manner in which the complexity of the Marshall Decision was dramatically simplified in a one-sided way for popular consumption," and how Aboriginal people were, despite Supreme Court vindication, depicted by the Canadian media as criminals for fishing out of season.This event effectively introduced to the Canadian public the idea of Aboriginal water and fishing rights and the difficulty involved in reconciling these rights with contemporary government policies.Aboriginal water and fishing rights is an area of study that has been recently embraced by indigenous scholars internationally and is one of significant importance.In the introduction of Water and Fishing: Aboriginal Rights in Australia and Canada, the editor Paul Kauffman posits, "Does granting rights for Indigenous people necessitate limiting the rights of others?Can protecting or re-instating Indigenous people's rights to waters or to fishing lead to a more harmonious society and better protection of the environment?What do Indigenous people want?What is the law?And what is the practical situation in Australia and Canada where the situation of Indigenous people has much in common?"These and other salient questions provide the foundation for an extended discussion about Aboriginal water and fishing rights in Australia and Canada, an all too often ignored aspect of traditional Aboriginal economies, and one that requires further academic investigation and legal clarification.Kauffman, who has managed Indigenous land, heritage, and cultural programs in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission and who has held 141
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".