A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization, Michael Hart. Vancouver, Toronto: UBC Press, 2002; ISBN 978-0-7748-0895-8; 576 pp.; $29.95
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Can ada has always been a trad ing nation, Michael Hart reveals in his sweep ing study of the nation's trade pol icy from the first Euro peans to arrive on Can ada's coasts to trade for fish and fur, to the North Amer i can Free Trade Agree ment (NAFTA) and the Uru guay Round.Hart, the Simon Reisman Chair in Trade Pol icy at the Nor man Pat er son School of Inter na tional Affairs, Carleton Uni ver sity, is emi nently qual ified to write this sur vey.Although he openly acknowl edges that his back ground as a trade offi cial with the Depart ment of For eign Affairs and Inter na tional Trade influ enced his deci sions on which facts, events and ideas he chose to high light (p.x), this allows him to develop a "prac ti cal and the o ret i cal appre ci a tion of econom ics and pol i tics."He does not sim ply rely on the o ret i cal mod els with self-serv ing anec dotal evidence; instead his anal y sis is well-grounded in his tor i cal evi dence and sys tem atic anal y sis to bolster his argu ments.Can ada's trade pol icy options always have been sub jected to pres sures from our major trad ing part ners, par tic u larly the British and the Amer i cans, and our high depend ence on for eign mar kets has forced Cana dian decision-mak ers to con tin u ously adapt to exter nal pres sures.Over all, Hart observes, they have done
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".