American Education: A History, 5th edition (2013) by, Wayne J. Urban & Jennings L. Wagoner
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wayne J. Urban and Jennings L. Wagoner's popular course book traces the development of American education from the period prior to European colonization through President Obama's first term.Despite that, early in the text, Urban and Wagoner cite historian Bernard Bailyn, who asserts, "The history of education should consider not only schools and 'formal pedagogy,' but the entire process by which a culture transmits itself across the generations" (p.16).However, American Education primarily focuses on the formal and traditional vein of primary and secondary education.The authors closely adhere to rather standard examples of schooling but this volume includes sections on educational praxis that are not traditionally grouped with them, including Native American and slave practices and pedagogies, vocational apprenticeships in the colonies, and the contributions of youth groups like the Girl Scouts of the United States of America and Young Men's Christian Association.American Education delves into the prevailing societal attitudes that have contoured the directions that schooling in America has taken.It moves from the European-inspired vantage point that led most southern colonists to resist public control of education to the rise of teacher organizations that rose to ameliorate occupational conditions in the postwar years.The authors also introduce the major debates in education and attempt to make sense, for contemporary audiences, the history behind them.Having partnered to work on the first edition of American Education in the 1990s, Urban and Wagoner have had ample time to refine the book's structure and content.The chronological organization of this edition of American Education facilitates its use as a teaching tool or study guide with chapters subdividing along major historical periods: the pre-colonial period; the common school era, the progressive era; the Great Depression; the civil rights era; education in the new millennium; and so forth.The carefully selected lithographs, photos, maps, and political cartoons integrate primary source material into topical discussions.Consistent with previous editions, approximately one-half of the book focuses on issues from the 20th century.Urban and Wagoner identify major historical trends and concepts.This style is sufficiently straightforward and expansive for an undergraduate survey course yet each chapter's further reading list and notes are comprehensive enough to serve as beneficial resources for graduate students and educational researchers.A particular strength of American Education is its ability to contextualize topics within broader historical moments but without drawing facile causal relationships.Urban and Wagoner allude to this goal when they assert, "What we do
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.039 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".