Efficacy of Intra-Articular Ozone Versus Hyaluronic Acid In Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine the analgesic efficacy of ozone gas versus hyaluronic acid solution in knee osteoarthritis patients. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and duration of study: Department of Pain Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun to Dec 2020. Methodology: Seventy patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study and were randomly assigned to two equal groups to undergo intra-articular knee injection using either Hyaluronic Acid (Group-H) or Ozone (Group-O). Improvement in the numeric rating scale (NRS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scale were recorded 1, 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Results: In both groups, the pain score (Group-H Pre-procedure NRS =7.66±0.87 vs. Post-Procedure 6 month NRS = 4.74±0.70, Group-O Pre-procedure NRS = 7.86±0.88 vs. Post-Procedure 6 month NRS = 4.46±0.92) and WOMAC (Group-H Pre-procedure =77.60±7.93 vs. Post-Procedure 6 month =40.31±6.81, Group-O Pre-procedure=75.54±9.40 vs. Post-Procedure 6 month =38.37±8.98) score improved. However, the NRS pain score (p-value = 0.21) and patient WOMAC score (p-value = 0.31) were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Neither Hyaluronic Acid nor Ozone appears superior in decreasing pain scores or physical limitations, particularly for knee osteoarthritis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it