593 MEP156 – A new balancing act needed? Differences in balance ability between male and female youth soccer players measured by inertial measurement units
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Poor balance may result in an elevated risk for lower extremity injuries in soccer. Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have not been used to study postural sway in youth soccer, but this may be a novel testing procedure to better inform training/prevention strategies. Objective To investigate single-limb balance performance in female and male youth soccer players by using wearable IMUs to measure postural sway. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Canadian youth soccer. Participants Post-season (Test 1) and pre-season (Test 2) balance tests were performed by 27 healthy players (n=15 male, n= 12 female) aged 15–18 years, from four elite youth teams. Assessment of Risk Factors A mixed-effects multiple linear regression was used to explore the risk factors of sex, player height, and years of experience. Nested models were compared using the likelihood ratio test. Main Outcome Measures IMUs were mounted on participants’ lower back (L4 region) and non-dominant leg (tibia). Anterior-posterior and medial-lateral root mean squared sway acceleration (RMS; m/s2), mean sway velocity (MSV; m/s), and total-sway path length (TSPL; m) were collected while participants maintained a 20 second single-leg balance on a balance pad. Results Variability in RMS anterior-posterior (0.51 m/s2, 95% CI 0.23–0.79, p<0.0001) and RMS medial-lateral (0.25 m/s2, 95% CI 0.22–0.28, p=0.0004) were accounted for by sex. Females also displayed increased TSPL back compared to males (0.18 m, 95% CI 0.02–0.33, p=0.0261). No differences by participant height or years of playing experience were observed. Conclusions This study observed a wearable technique to measure postural sway. Youth female soccer players may use a balance technique that results in a larger back TSPL compared to males. Additional studies to determine the balance techniques used by females and males. Use of IMUs facilitate novel measurement of balance performance, and may be used to inform strategies that can prevent injuries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".