Frailty as a Key Predictor of Malnutrition among Older Adults with Swallowing Problems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geriatric syndrome—frailty—has a more significant influence on the health of older, pre-frail and frail older adults who tend to have a poor nutritional status or develop severe malnutrition. Investigation of frailty and its association with malnutrition and swallowing problems is limited in older Thais. This cross-sectional study examined the association among frailty and other associated factors with malnutrition in older adults with swallowing problems. A purposive sampling method was employed to recruit 120 participants who met the specified inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from older adults who visited and received medical services at the rehabilitation department of a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, from July 2022 to February 2023. The instruments included the Demographic and Health Information Record Form, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form - MNA® Elderly, Reported Edmonton Frail Scale-Thai Version, and Modified Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.The findings indicated that 82.5% of participants were frail, and approximately 30% and 80.0% presented with dependence and at-risk or malnutrition, respectively. Frailty, age, comorbidities, a history of aspiration, and activities of daily living could predict malnutrition, accounting for 71.7%. Significantly, frailty demonstrated a 4.47-fold increased risk of malnutrition, while dependence on activities of daily living had a 6.41-fold increased risk of malnutrition among this population. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for healthcare professionals, especially gerontological nurse practitioners, to raise awareness of the early detection of frailty, swallowing problems, and potential risks of malnutrition, together with promoting daily activity in older adults across settings. Implementing comprehensive management to improve swallowing and physical function in older adults at risk of frailty and malnutrition may enable gerontological nurse practitioners to strengthen professional care. By doing so, maintaining nutritional health among these populations can be achieved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".