FAMILY EDUCATION IN THE PEASANT FAMILY OF SOUTHERN UKRAINE IN THE 19TH – THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article considers the practice of raising children in the family of Southern Ukraine in the 19th – the first quarter of the 20th centuries. The author considers it essential and necessary to research the issues of the history of culture as a whole, folk pedagogy in terms of the objectively existing features of individual regions, which differ in the specifics of socio-pedagogical, economic and cultural development. Scientific interest in this context is the South of Ukraine in the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th centuries – an agricultural region, the vast majority of whose population lived in rural areas, had its own ethno-pedagogical views and beliefs, which affected the specifics of raising children, which, in turn, was determined by the methods of management and educational traditions of the family. It is emphasized that the pedagogical discourse of the 19th – the first quarter of the 20th centuries needs a new interpretation. It is this historical period that is an extremely fruitful research field; it is a time of rapid social, political, and economic transformations that changed the traditional Ukrainian family. The author, having considered the main areas of raising children in the peasant family of the South of Ukraine in the 19th - the first quarter of the 20th century, notes that the leading ones were labor, moral and aesthetic education, which were determined by traditional standards of everyday life, behavior, vital arrange, religious ideas, and labor achievements. It is noted that the specificity of raising children in a peasant family of the southern Ukrainian region was determined by the multinationality of its composition. The labor education system in the peasant family was clearly differentiated according to the age and gender characteristics of the child. The issue of labor education became especially relevant in the steppe southern agricultural region, where children were taught to work in the fields from childhood. This is the difference between this direction of educational influence, if we compare the Black Sea provinces with the Northern Ukrainian ones. The most effective method of labor education in a peasant family was the example of elders. Church holidays were an effective means of moral education. The celebrations of Christmas Eve, Christmas, and Easter were specific for the South of Ukraine. Aesthetic education was the determining direction for the Ukrainian peasant family. The family was the main motive that directed the consciousness, will and feelings of children in accordance with the pedagogical experience and the parents’ culture, their family traditions and a sense of duty towards those who live nearby. The source of aesthetic education was Ukrainian folklore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".