Observation on reversibility of flocculation in fine quartz suspensions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of flocculation and ultrasonication tests were performed on dilute fine quartz suspensions flocculated with the use of three polyacrylamide-based flocculants of similar molecular weights but of different degrees on anionicity to investigate the reversibility of floc destruction and formation. The tests were performed as a function of ultrasonication duration and flocculant dosage. It was demonstrated that breakage of flocs did not occur down to the primary particles over the studied range of experimental conditions. Measurement of settling rate and image analysis indicated that depending on the dosage and degree of anionicity of the flocculant, broken flocs reach a steady state size following continuous breakage. In contrast to the anionic flocculants, a higher dosage of the non-ionic flocculant did not result in regrowth of larger flocs following breakage. Adsorption studies indicated that adsorption density of the polymers on mineral surface did not change as a result of breakage of flocs. A gradual increase in the size of the broken flocs was observed following ultrasonication. The results suggest that flocculation using higher than optimum dosage of anionic flocculants could facilitate regrowth of flocs following breakage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".