A Model of the Magneto-Inductive Link With Relays to Cross the Air–Water Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, the use of magnetic induction to cross the air-water boundary is investigated. An analytical expression is derived for the magnetic field in air from a coil underwater and is validated with simulation results that also include the effect of the front-end. Specifically, the ratio of the induced voltage of the receiver over transmitter current is maximized for a given distance between small coils with a radius of 6.5 cm and it is found that an optimal frequency exists: for a distance between 10 to 100 meters, the optimum frequency of operation decreases from 8000 Hz down to 80 Hz. Experiments are performed in air as well as in sea-water tanks to verify the mutual inductance and end-to-end attenuation. The experiments agree with the theory for distances up to 1.6 meters, after which a noise floor is reached. To increase the range, the use of passive repeaters is studied and a relay coil that transfers the energy to a receiver inside a magnetic shield is analyzed. When configured correctly, this relay can significantly enhance the receiver output voltage, as demonstrated through simulations, potentially increasing it by up to tenfold.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".