Short‐ and long‐term postoperative complications and outcomes after umbilical vein marsupialisation in 11 foals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Background Reports describing short‐ and long‐term postoperative complications and outcomes after umbilical vein marsupialisation in foals are limited and nondetailed. Objectives The objective of the study was to report surgical treatment, short‐ and long‐term complications and outcomes in foals with umbilical vein infection with or without liver abscessation treated with marsupialisation of the umbilical vein. Study design Retrospective clinical study, short case series. Methods Medical records were reviewed (between 2014 and 2022, four referral centres) to identify foals ( n = 11) that were treated for umbilical remnant infection and had surgery to perform marsupialisation of the umbilical vein. Results Short‐term complications encountered were postoperative myositis ( n = 1), herniation of the linea alba ( n = 1), stoma necrosis ( n = 1), pneumonia ( n = 3) and septic arthritis ( n = 1). The foal with septic polyarthritis was euthanised due to poor athletic prognosis. Long term, four foals required a second surgical procedure due to herniation at the marsupialisation site ( n = 3) or midline incision ( n = 1). The omphalophlebitis was resolved in 10 of the 11 foals with a follow‐up time from 5 to 88 months. Main limitations The variability of management related to the duration of study time, number of surgeons and multiple institutions may have limited this study. Conclusions Marsupialisation of the umbilical vein can be a viable surgical option if en‐bloc resection does not allow the removal of all infected tissues. Our main complication was herniation at the stoma site. Compared with simple en‐bloc resection, marsupialisation may require further veterinary treatment and increased associated costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".