An assessment of the clinical relevance of coracoid graft osteolysis following the Latarjet procedure: a clinical and radiological review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The Latarjet procedure was developed for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability in young, high-demand patients with attritional glenoid bone loss, whose risk of redislocation following primary dislocation may exceed 90%. Coracoid graft osteolysis and prominent screws are commonly observed in late computed tomography (CT) scans of patients who re-present following the procedure, but the clinical relevance of osteolysis in the overall Latarjet cohort is undetermined. We aimed to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes in patients who underwent the Latarjet procedure, and to determine if severe coracoid graft osteolysis compromised clinical outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent the open Latarjet procedure. Patients were invited via an e-questionnaire that contained a Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), and queried about redislocation and reoperation since index surgery. Preoperative glenoid bone loss was calculated on CT using the best-fit circle method. Osteolysis was graded (0, screw head buried in graft; 1, screw head exposed; 2, threads exposed; 3, complete resorption/severe osteolysis) at the level of the proximal and distal screws respectively, on axial CT scans performed ≥ 12 months postoperatively. Results: Between 2011 and 2022, a single surgeon performed 442 Latarjet procedures. One hundred fifty eight patients responded to the questionnaire at median (interquartile range [IQR]) 44 (27-70) months postoperatively, among whom the median (IQR) WOSI score was 352 (142-666) points (0 = best, 2100 = worst). Recurrent anterior instability occurred in 3/158 (2%) patients. One patient required reoperation for this indication. Among patients who had CT scans ≥ 12 months postoperatively (median [IQR] 40 [29-69] months), 1 patient developed severe osteolysis around both screws (WOSI = 90), 17/62 (27%) patients developed severe osteolysis around 1 screw, all of which were proximal (median [IQR] WOSI = 235 [135-644]), and 44/62 (71%) patients did not develop severe osteolysis around either screw (median [IQR] WOSI = 487 [177-815]). There were no statistically significant differences in WOSI scores between groups based on the presence of severe osteolysis. Conclusion: The Latarjet is reliable procedure that has a low rate of redislocation and reoperation. Severe coracoid graft osteolysis occurs with time, and always affects the proximal graft first. The presence of severe osteolysis did not compromise clinical outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".